Guèlèdè

4 Octobre 2018

Mask society, both deity and secret society, the Gèlèdè (pronounced Guèlèdè) is characterized by mirobolant costumes. These are masks representing women but worn by men. The mask goes out to solve individual, family problems (sterility, illness, death, curses ...) or collective problems like natural calamities. It can also be admired during important events: weddings, enthronements. It is a process of exorcism against a fate whose leaders would be women. This mask can be requested by women as needed because it has the power to grant their requests for procreation.
Gèlèdè is a mixed society in which the woman has an important role as much on the big decisions as on the small details. Women are placed below men in the chain of command but are often in harmony with them. The highest title that the woman carries in the hierarchy is Iyalashè; she accompanies her equal male Babalashè at the top of the hierarchy. Gèlèdè is a society of ambivalence and all the associated elements are almost defined as such. Masks are in male and female pairs.
The main drums are sexed as is the choir that accompanies the release of the masks and their dances. The origin of Gèlèdè is more legendary than geographical because several places are cited as being the genesis of the mask and according to the regions in which the mask is present. Obviously this mask is a Yoruba mask although the legends about its origin are numerous. Most of them have something in common with soil fertility or a control woman, the needs of an agrarian society in Africa.
One of the legends says that a woman who was having difficulties to have children would have gone to see the great oracle of Ife in Nigeria. The diviner would have asked him to adorn himself with metal rings, to obtain wooden statuettes and to walk around the nooks and crannies of his house while dancing. As a result of this ritual, she would have conceived a child whom she named Efé, followed later by another offspring whom she named Gèlèdè. The latter, in turn, when they wanted to have children, would have experienced the same problem and after consulting their mother, they performed the same ritual which became a cult. Some argue that the red loincloth that would have been used to dress the wooden statuettes became the clothing of the gun-euns (see "related immaterial elements") and the other part was the accoutrement of the Gèlèdè. The Gelede is made of a carved wooden mask but also clothing and other accessories. The mask is carved in light white wood dressed in various costumes all related to an Orisha (God). This last part consists of metal cloths and bells among others. However, it is all, added to the rhythms, dances, proverbs and panegyrics that constitutes the mask Gèlèdè. It should be noted that the mask is not in itself the Gèlèdè. The rhythm and dance that accompany the show are called the Bolodjo (see "related immaterial elements" section).
The exit of the mask is an event in rural areas where its function exceeds the only entertainment function. The mask is solicited to solve social calamities, the most common is that related to women. The mask also makes spectacular outings. The day the mask becomes the medium of the rural areas and its exit is entertaining. The show is characterized by the release of masks of children who train to become great.
The masks of the great are characterized by old masks as well as their costumes. These masks do not speak. The day before the show, the big masks come out. These are the Tétédé and Efè followed by the exploits of the big tams-tams of 1.20 meters high. This trip lasts all night and ends at dawn. The masks are carved with Yoruba physical traits. On the masks, there are scars on the cheeks as seen in the Yoruba. The three visible scars symbolize the traits made by their animal totem which is the pantheon. A great company of sculptors of these masks is in the region of Covè, more precisely in the region of Banamé. The animals or the scenes represented vary according to the message conveyed by the mask as it leaves. These are sculptures representing birds, men, but today there are more and more representations of modern objects such as mobile phones.

Here an excerpt from video https://youtu.be/Oe5HbA0-aPY

Beere fun awujọ, oriṣa mejeeji ati awujọ ailewu, Gèlèdè (Guèlèdè) ti wa ni ẹda nipa awọn aṣọ ti o ni ẹda. Awọn wọnyi ni awọn iparada ti awọn obirin. Iboju naa n jade lati yanju ẹni kọọkan, awọn iṣoro ẹbi (ailera, aisan, iku, awọn egún ...) tabi awọn iṣoro ti apapọ bi awọn ajalu ibajẹ. O tun le ṣe itẹwọgbà lakoko awọn iṣẹlẹ pataki: awọn igbeyawo, awọn iṣoro. O jẹ ilana ti exorcism lodi si olori kan ti awọn olori yoo jẹ obirin. Oju iboju yi le beere fun awọn obirin nitori pe o ni agbara lati fun wọn ni ibeere fun isọdọtun.
Gélèdè jẹ awujọ ti o ni awujọ eyiti obinrin naa ni ipa pataki ni agbaye. Awọn obirin ninu pq ti aṣẹ ni o wa ni ibamu pẹlu wọn nigbagbogbo. Akọle ti o ga julọ ti obinrin gbe ni awọn igbaṣe ni Iyalashè; o ni ibamu pẹlu awọn ọmọ Bababalè deede ni oke awọn ọjọ-ori. Gélèdè jẹ awujọ ti aiṣedede ati gbogbo awọn nkan ti o ni nkan ti o fẹrẹ jẹ apejuwe. Awọn iboju iparada wa ninu awọn ẹlẹgbẹ ati akọ ati abo.
Awọn ilu ilu akọkọ ti wa ni ibalopọ bi wọn ṣe lọ pẹlu pipasilẹ awọn iparada ati awọn ijó wọn. Awọn orisun ti Gélèdè jẹ diẹ itanran ju agbegbe nitori ti o ti wa ni mẹnuba bi jije ti genesis ti awọn boju-boju ati ni ibamu si awọn ẹkun ni ti awọn boju-boju wa bayi. O han ni pe iboju yii jẹ oju iboju Yoruba Ọpọlọpọ wọn ni nkan ti o wọpọ pẹlu iloda ile tabi obirin abo, awọn aini ti awujọ agrarian ni Afirika.
Ọkan ninu awọn itankalẹ sọ pe obirin kan ti o ni awọn iṣoro lati ni awọn ọmọde ni Nigeria. Onimọwe naa yoo ti beere fun u lati ṣe ohun-ọṣọ ara rẹ pẹlu awọn oruka irin, lati gba awọn aworan ori igi ati lati rin ni ayika awọn ipara ati awọn ẹṣọ ti ile rẹ nigba ti n ṣire. Gegebi abajade ti aṣa yi, o yoo loyun ọmọ kan ni ibi ti o pe Efa, lẹhinna ọmọ miiran ti o pe Gélèdè. Awọn igbehin, bi o ba jẹ pe wọn fẹ lati ni awọn ọmọde, yoo ti ni iriri kanna iṣoro naa ati lẹhin ti wọn ba ara wọn sọrọ, wọn ṣe iru igbimọ kanna ti o di aṣa. Diẹ ninu awọn jiyan pe iro ti awọn okuta statues di aṣọ ti awọn ibon (wo "awọn ibatan ti ko ni eroja") ati awọn miiran apakan ni accoutrement ti Gèlèdè. Gelede jẹ apẹrẹ igi ti a fi aworan ati awọn ohun elo miiran. Oju-iboju ni a gbe ni igi funfun ti o wọ ni awọn aṣọ gbogbo ti o ni ibatan si Orisha (Ọlọrun). Apá ikẹhin yii ni awọn aṣọ asọ ati awọn ẹbun laarin awọn omiiran. Sibẹsibẹ, o jẹ gbogbo, ti a fi kun si awọn rhythmu, awọn ijó, awọn owe ati awọn pangyrics ti o jẹ oju iboju Gèlèdè. O yẹ ki o ṣe akiyesi pe iboju-boju kii ṣe ara rẹ ni Gélèdè. Iwọn ati ijó ti o tẹle show naa ni a pe ni Bolodjo (wo "apakan awọn ẹya ara ẹni ti ko ni imọran").
Ilọ jade ti iboju-boju jẹ iṣẹlẹ ni awọn igberiko nibiti iṣẹ rẹ ti koja iṣẹ idanilaraya nikan. A ṣe akiyesi oju iboju lati yanju awọn ajalu awujọ, awọn wọpọ julọ ni eyiti o ni ibatan si awọn obirin. Iboju naa tun n ṣe awọn iṣesi ti iyanu. Ọjọ ti di alabọde awọn agbegbe igberiko ati ijade rẹ jẹ idanilaraya. Ifihan naa ni ifihan nipasẹ ifasilẹ awọn iparada ti awọn ọmọde ti o nkọ lati di nla.
Awọn iparada ti awọn iboju iparada ti wa ni awọn aṣa iboju atijọ ati awọn aṣọ wọn. Awọn iboju iboju wọnyi ko sọ. Ọjọ ki o to show, awọn iboju nla naa wa jade. Awọn wọnyi ni awọn Teeté ati Efè ti awọn atẹgun ti awọn Tams-tams nla ti o wa ni iwọn 1.20 mita. Irin-ajo yii ni gbogbo oru ati opin ni owurọ. Awọn apọju ti wa ni apẹrẹ pẹlu awọn ẹya ara Yorùbá. Lori awọn iboju iparada, awọn idẹ lori awọn ẹrẹ ti o ri ni Yoruba. Awọn aleebu ti o han mẹta jẹ aami ti awọn eran ara ti o wa ni petiun ṣe. Ile-iṣẹ nla ti awọn apanilerin ti awọn oju iboju wọnyi wa ni agbegbe Covè, diẹ sii ni agbegbe ti Banamé. Awọn ẹranko tabi awọn oju iṣẹlẹ ti wa ni ipoduduro gẹgẹbi atẹle nipasẹ oju-iboju bi o ṣe fi oju silẹ. Awọn ere ni o wa fun awọn ẹiyẹ, awọn ọkunrin, ṣugbọn o wa siwaju sii siwaju sii awọn ipilẹṣẹ ti awọn ohun elo igbalode bii awọn foonu alagbeka.